Panduan Lengkap Node-RED untuk IoT: Visual Programming Otomasi

# Pastikan Node.js sudah terinstal
node --version
# Output harus v18 atau lebih tinggi
# Contoh: v20.11.1

# Instal Node-RED secara global
sudo npm install -g --unsafe-perm node-red

# Jalankan Node-RED
node-red

# Buka browser ke:
# http://localhost:1880

# Jalankan dengan Docker
docker run -it -p 1880:1880 --name mynodered \
  -v nodered_data:/data \
  nodered/nodered

# Atau dengan Docker Compose:
# nodered/docker-compose.yml

services:
  nodered:
    image: nodered/nodered
    ports:
      - "1880:1880"
    volumes:
      - nodered_data:/data

volumes:
  nodered_data:

# Unduh dan jalankan script instalasi resmi
bash <(curl -sL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/\
  node-red/linux-install/master/deb/update-node-red-pi)

# Jalankan Node-RED
node-red-start

# Agar Node-RED otomatis start saat boot:
sudo systemctl enable nodered.service
sudo systemctl start nodered.service

[
  {
    "id": "node-inject-1",
    "type": "inject",
    "name": "Kirim Data",
    "props": [
      { "p": "payload", "v": "Hello Node-RED!", "vt": "str" },
      { "p": "topic", "v": "test/topic", "vt": "str" }
    ],
    "payload": "Hello Node-RED!",
    "payloadType": "str",
    "topic": "test/topic",
    "once": false,
    "repeat": "",
    "wires": [ [ "node-debug-1" ] ]
  }
]

// Contoh: Konversi Celsius ke Fahrenheit
// Tarik ke dalam node Function

var suhuCelsius = msg.payload.suhu;
var suhuFahrenheit = (suhuCelsius * 9/5) + 32;

// Tambahkan data baru ke message
msg.payload = {
  celsius: suhuCelsius,
  fahrenheit: Math.round(suhuFahrenheit * 100) / 100,
  timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
};

// Kirim ke output pertama
return msg;

# Akses direktori instalasi Node-RED
cd ~/.node-red

# Instal node MQTT
npm install node-red-contrib-mqtt-broker

# Atau melalui browser:
# Menu ≡ → Manage Palette → Install
# Cari: node-red-contrib-mqtt-broker
# Klik Install

// MQTT Config Node (ditambahkan otomatis saat
// mengkonfigurasi mqtt in / mqtt out)

{
  "id": "mqtt-broker-1",
  "type": "mqtt-broker",
  "name": "Broker Lokal",
  "broker": "localhost",
  "port": "1883",
  "clientid": "nodered-client",
  "autoConnect": true,
  "usetls": false,
  "protocolVersion": "MQTTv5",
  "keepalive": "60",
  "cleansession": true
}

// Flow: Subscribe MQTT dan tampilkan di debug
//
// mqtt-in ──▶ debug
//
// Konfigurasi mqtt-in:
//   Topic: sensor/ruang-tamu/suhu
//   QoS: 0
//   Output: auto-detect

// Payload yang diterima akan muncul di panel debug
// Contoh: { "suhu": 28.5, "kelembaban": 65 }

// Flow: Timer kirim data ke MQTT setiap 5 detik
//
// inject(5s) ──▶ function ──▶ mqtt-out
//
// Konfigurasi inject:
//   Repeat: interval 5 detik
//
// Konfigurasi function:
//   msg.payload = JSON.stringify({
//     suhu: (20 + Math.random() * 15).toFixed(1),
//     kelembaban: (40 + Math.random() * 40).toFixed(1),
//     timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
//   });
//   msg.topic = "sensor/ruang-tamu/suhu";
//   return msg;
//
// Konfigurasi mqtt-out:
//   Topic: sensor/ruang-tamu/suhu
//   QoS: 0
//   Retain: true

# Instal dashboard
cd ~/.node-red
npm install node-red-dashboard

# Restart Node-RED
node-red-stop && node-red-start

# Akses dashboard di:
# http://localhost:1880/ui

// Flow Dashboard Monitoring Suhu
//
// Struktur:
//   mqtt-in ──▶ function ──▶ ui_gauge (Suhu)
//                          ──▶ ui_chart (Histori)
//                          ──▶ ui_text (Status)
//
// ui_gauge config:
//   Group: Sensor Suhu (tab: Monitoring)
//   Label: "Suhu Ruangan"
//   Unit: "°C"
//   Min: 0, Max: 50
//   Colours: "#00b500, #e6e600, #ca3838"
//
// ui_chart config:
//   Group: Sensor Suhu (tab: Monitoring)
//   Label: "Histori Suhu"
//   Chart Type: line
//   X-Axis: 10 minutes
//   Y-Axis: 0 - 50
//
// function config:
//   msg.payload = msg.payload.suhu;
//   return msg;

// Flow: REST API GET Data Sensor
//
// http-in ──▶ function ──▶ http-response
//                          ──▶ debug (opsional)
//
// Konfigurasi http-in:
//   Method: GET
//   URL: /api/sensor/suhu
//
// Konfigurasi function:
//   msg.payload = {
//     suhu: global.get("suhuTerkini") || 0,
//     kelembaban: global.get("kelembabanTerkini") || 0,
//     timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
//   };
//   msg.headers = { "Content-Type": "application/json" };
//   return msg;
//
// Konfigurasi http-response:
//   (otomatis dari http-in)
//
// Test di browser:
//   GET http://localhost:1880/api/sensor/suhu
//   Response: {
//     "suhu": 28.5,
//     "kelembaban": 65.2,
//     "timestamp": "2026-06-20T10:30:00Z"
//   }

// Flow: REST API POST Kontrol Lampu
//
// http-in ──▶ function ──▶ mqtt-out
//                   └──▶ http-response
//
// Konfigurasi http-in:
//   Method: POST
//   URL: /api/actuator/lampu
//   Content-Type: application/json
//
// Konfigurasi function:
//   var body = msg.payload;
//   if (body.status === "on" || body.status === "off") {
//     msg.payload = JSON.stringify({
//       status: body.status,
//       timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
//     });
//     msg.topic = "actuator/lampu/ruang-tamu";
//     node.send([msg, null]);
//
//     var response = {
//       success: true,
//       message: "Lampu " + body.status
//     };
//     node.send([null, { payload: response }]);
//   } else {
//     node.send([null, {
//       payload: { success: false, message: "Invalid status" }
//     }]);
//   }
//
// Konfigurasi http-response:
//   Status Code: msg.statusCode (atau default 200)

// ========================================
// Flow 1: Monitoring Suhu + Otomasi Kipas
// ========================================
//
// [mqtt-in] ──▶ [function: proses_suhu] ──▶ [ui_gauge]
//                                        ──▶ [ui_chart]
//                                        ──▶ [function: otomasi_kipas]
//                                                  │
//                              ┌──────────────────┤
//                              ▼                  ▼
//                        [function: ON]    [function: OFF]
//                              │                  │
//                              ▼                  ▼
//                        [mqtt-out]          [mqtt-out]
//                     kipas: ON            kipas: OFF

// ========================================
// Node Function: proses_suhu
// ========================================
var data = msg.payload;
var suhu = parseFloat(data.suhu);
var kelembaban = parseFloat(data.kelembaban);
var timestamp = new Date().toLocaleTimeString('id-ID');

// Simpan ke global untuk diakses API
global.set('suhuTerkini', suhu);
global.set('kelembabanTerkini', kelembaban);
global.set('terakhirUpdate', timestamp);

// Kirim data untuk gauge
gauge_msg = { payload: suhu };
node.send([gauge_msg, null, null, null]);

// Kirim data untuk chart
chart_msg = {
  payload: [
    { series: ["Suhu", "Kelembaban"],
      data: [[suhu], [kelembaban]],
      labels: [timestamp] }
  ]
};
node.send([null, chart_msg, null, null]);

// Kirim suhu untuk logika otomasi
otomasi_msg = { payload: { suhu: suhu } };
node.send([null, null, otomasi_msg, null]);

// ========================================
// Node Function: otomasi_kipas
// ========================================
var suhu = msg.payload.suhu;
var thresholdHidup = 30;  // Suhu di atas 30°C: kipas ON
var thresholdMati = 27;   // Suhu di bawah 27°C: kipas OFF
var statusKipas = global.get('statusKipas') || 'off';

if (suhu >= thresholdHidup && statusKipas === 'off') {
  // Aktifkan kipas
  global.set('statusKipas', 'on');
  node.send([{
    payload: JSON.stringify({ status: "on",
      suhuAktif: suhu }),
    topic: "actuator/kipas/rumah"
  }, null]);
} else if (suhu <= thresholdMati && statusKipas === 'on') {
  // Matikan kipas
  global.set('statusKipas', 'off');
  node.send([null, {
    payload: JSON.stringify({ status: "off",
      suhuMatikan: suhu }),
    topic: "actuator/kipas/rumah"
  }]);
}

// ========================================
// Flow 2: Kontrol Lampu via Dashboard
// ========================================
//
// [ui_switch] ──▶ [function] ──▶ [mqtt-out]
//                                   Topic: actuator/lampu/rumah
//
// Node Function:
//   msg.topic = "actuator/lampu/rumah";
//   msg.payload = JSON.stringify({
//     status: msg.payload ? "on" : "off",
//     timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
//   });
//   return msg;
//
// ui_switch config:
//   Group: Kontrol Lampu
//   Label: "Lampu Ruang Tamu"
//   On Payload: true
//   Off Payload: false
//   On Icon: lightbulb (fa-lightbulb)
//   Off Icon: lightbulb-o (fa-lightbulb-o)
//
// ========================================
// Flow 2b: Kontrol via Timer/Schedule
// ========================================
//
// [ui_timepicker] ──▶ [function] ──▶ [change] ──▶ [mqtt-out]
//                                              Topic: actuator/lampu/schedule
//
// Timer bisa dikirim ke ESP32 untuk
// scheduling lokal di mikrokontroler.

// ========================================
// Flow 3: HTTP API untuk Status Rumah
// ========================================
//
// Endpoint 1: GET /api/status
// [http-in GET] ──▶ [function] ──▶ [http-response]
//
// Function:
//   msg.payload = {
//     suhu: global.get("suhuTerkini") || 0,
//     kelembaban: global.get("kelembabanTerkini") || 0,
//     lampu: global.get("statusLampu") || "off",
//     kipas: global.get("statusKipas") || "off",
//     lastUpdate: global.get("terakhirUpdate") || "-",
//     timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
//   };
//   msg.headers = { "Content-Type": "application/json" };
//   return msg;
//
// Endpoint 2: POST /api/alert
// [http-in POST] ──▶ [function: validate] ──▶ [mqtt-out]
//                                      └──▶ [http-response]
//
// Bisa dipanggil dari aplikasi mobile atau
// monitoring service seperti Grafana.

// ========================================
// Flow 4: Dashboard Lengkap
// ========================================
//
// Tab: "Monitoring Rumah"
// │
// ├── Group: "Sensor Suhu & Kelembaban"
// │   ├── [ui_gauge]     Suhu (°C)
// │   ├── [ui_gauge]     Kelembaban (%)
// │   ├── [ui_chart]     Histori Suhu
// │   └── [ui_text]      Status Terakhir
// │
// ├── Group: "Kontrol Perangkat"
// │   ├── [ui_switch]    Lampu Ruang Tamu
// │   ├── [ui_switch]    Lampu Kamar
// │   ├── [ui_slider]    Kecerahan Lampu (0-100)
// │   └── [ui_dropdown]  Mode Kipas (Auto/Manual/OFF)
// │
// └── Group: "Status Sistem"
//     ├── [ui_text]      Status MQTT Broker
//     ├── [ui_text]      Uptime Node-RED
//     └── [ui_text]      Jumlah Device Online