Panduan Lengkap ESP8266 (NodeMCU): Dari Nol Hingga Proyek IoT

http://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json

# Jika port tidak muncul di Linux:
sudo chmod 666 /dev/ttyUSB0

# Install driver CH340G untuk Windows:
# Download dari http://www.wch-ic.com/downloads/CH341SER_EXE.html

# Cek apakah device terdeteksi (Linux):
ls /dev/ttyUSB*
ls /dev/ttyACM*

// ============================================
// Program LED Blink untuk ESP8266 NodeMCU
// LED built-in terhubung ke pin D4 (GPIO2)
// Aktif LOW: HIGH = mati, LOW = menyala
// ============================================

#define LED_BUILTIN D4  // GPIO2 pada NodeMCU

void setup() {
  // Inisialisasi Serial Monitor
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println();
  Serial.println("=== LED Blink ESP8266 ===");

  // Atur pin LED sebagai OUTPUT
  pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);

  // Matikan LED di awal (HIGH = OFF untuk aktif LOW)
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
}

void loop() {
  // Nyalakan LED
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW);
  Serial.println("LED ON");
  delay(1000);  // Tunggu 1 detik

  // Matikan LED
  digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH);
  Serial.println("LED OFF");
  delay(1000);  // Tunggu 1 detik
}

// ============================================
// LED Eksternal dengan PWM (Fade Effect)
// Koneksi: GPIO5 (D1) → Resistor 220Ω → LED → GND
// ============================================

#define LED_PIN D1  // GPIO5

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  // Fade in: brightness naik dari 0 ke 1023
  for (int brightness = 0; brightness <= 1023; brightness++) {
    analogWrite(LED_PIN, brightness);
    delay(2);
  }

  // Fade out: brightness turun dari 1023 ke 0
  for (int brightness = 1023; brightness >= 0; brightness--) {
    analogWrite(LED_PIN, brightness);
    delay(2);
  }

  Serial.println("Fade cycle selesai!");
}

// ============================================
// Kontrol Relay 1 Channel
// Koneksi: GPIO2 (D4) → IN pin Relay Module
// ============================================

#define RELAY_PIN D4  // GPIO2

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT);

  // Matikan relay di awal
  digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH);  // HIGH = OFF untuk relay aktif LOW
  Serial.println("Relay: OFF");
}

void loop() {
  // Nyalakan relay (misal: nyalakan lampu)
  digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW);   // LOW = ON untuk relay aktif LOW
  Serial.println("Relay: ON - Lampu menyala");
  delay(5000);  // Nyala selama 5 detik

  // Matikan relay
  digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH);
  Serial.println("Relay: OFF - Lampu mati");
  delay(5000);  // Mati selama 5 detik
}

// ============================================
// Buzzer: Aktif dan Pasif
// Koneksi: GPIO14 (D5) → Buzzer (+) → GND
// ============================================

#define BUZZER_PIN D5  // GPIO14

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(BUZZER_PIN, OUTPUT);
}

// Fungsi untuk memainkan nada
void playTone(int frequency, int duration) {
  // Hitung period dari frekuensi
  int period = 1000000 / frequency;
  int halfPeriod = period / 2;
  unsigned long endTime = millis() + duration;

  while (millis() < endTime) {
    digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(halfPeriod);
    digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(halfPeriod);
  }
}

void loop() {
  // Mode 1: Beep sederhana (buzzer aktif)
  Serial.println("Mode 1: Beep sederhana");
  digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, HIGH);
  delay(200);
  digitalWrite(BUZZER_PIN, LOW);
  delay(100);

  // Mode 2: Melodi sederhana (buzzer pasif)
  Serial.println("Mode 2: Melodi");
  playTone(262, 300);  // Do
  delay(50);
  playTone(294, 300);  // Re
  delay(50);
  playTone(330, 300);  // Mi
  delay(50);
  playTone(349, 300);  // Fa
  delay(50);
  playTone(392, 300);  // Sol
  delay(1000);
}

// ============================================
// WiFi Station Mode (STA)
// ESP8266 terhubung ke WiFi rumah
// ============================================

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

// Ganti dengan WiFi kamu
const char* ssid     = "NamaWiFi";
const char* password = "PasswordWiFi123";

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println();

  // Mulai koneksi WiFi
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);  // Station mode
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

  Serial.print("Menghubungkan ke WiFi");
  int attempts = 0;

  // Tunggu hingga terhubung (max 20 detik)
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED && attempts < 40) {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
    attempts++;
  }

  if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
    Serial.println();
    Serial.println("✅ WiFi terhubung!");
    Serial.print("IP Address: ");
    Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
    Serial.print("RSSI: ");
    Serial.print(WiFi.RSSI());
    Serial.println(" dBm");
  } else {
    Serial.println();
    Serial.println("❌ Gagal terhubung ke WiFi!");
    Serial.println("Periksa SSID dan password kamu.");
  }
}

void loop() {
  // Cek koneksi WiFi secara berkala
  if (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    Serial.println("WiFi terputus! Mencoba reconnect...");
    WiFi.reconnect();
    delay(5000);
  }

  delay(60000);  // Cek setiap 60 detik
}

// ============================================
// WiFi Access Point Mode (AP)
// ESP8266 membuat WiFi sendiri
// ============================================

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println();

  // Konfigurasi Access Point
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
  WiFi.softAP("ESP8266_AP", "password123");

  Serial.println("✅ Access Point aktif!");
  Serial.print("SSID: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.softAPSSID());
  Serial.print("IP Address: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.softAPIP());  // Biasanya 192.168.4.1
  Serial.print("Jumlah klien: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.softAPgetStationNum());
}

void loop() {
  // Monitor jumlah klien yang terhubung
  static int lastCount = 0;
  int count = WiFi.softAPgetStationNum();

  if (count != lastCount) {
    Serial.print("Klien terhubung: ");
    Serial.println(count);
    lastCount = count;
  }

  delay(5000);
}

// ============================================
// WiFi Dual Mode: Station + Access Point
// ============================================

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

const char* sta_ssid     = "WiFiRumah";
const char* sta_password = "password123";

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);

  // Aktifkan mode ganda
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP_STA);

  // Setup Access Point
  WiFi.softAP("ESP8266_Config", "config123");
  Serial.print("AP IP: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.softAPIP());

  // Setup Station (konek ke WiFi)
  WiFi.begin(sta_ssid, sta_password);
  Serial.print("Menghubungkan ke WiFi");
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
  }
  Serial.println();
  Serial.print("STA IP: ");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}

// ============================================
// Web Server Sederhana di ESP8266
// Kontrol LED dari Browser
// ============================================

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>

// WiFi credentials
const char* ssid     = "NamaWiFi";
const char* password = "PasswordWiFi123";

// Inisialisasi web server di port 80
ESP8266WebServer server(80);

#define LED_PIN D4

// Status LED global
bool ledState = false;

// ============================================
// Handler: Halaman Utama (GET /)
// ============================================
void handleRoot() {
  String html = "<!DOCTYPE html><html lang='id'><head>";
  html += "<meta charset='UTF-8'>";
  html += "<meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1'>";
  html += "<title>ESP8266 Control Panel</title>";
  html += "<style>";
  html += "body{font-family:sans-serif;text-align:center;margin-top:50px;background:#1a1a2e;color:#eee;}";
  html += "h1{color:#00d2ff;}button{";
  html += "padding:15px 30px;font-size:18px;border:none;border-radius:8px;cursor:pointer;margin:10px;}";
  html += ".on{background:#00d2ff;color:#000;}";
  html += ".off{background:#ff6b6b;color:#fff;}";
  html += ".status{font-size:24px;margin:20px;}";
  html += "</style></head><body>";
  html += "<h1>🔌 ESP8266 Control Panel</h1>";
  html += "<p class='status'>Status LED: <b>";
  html += ledState ? "🟢 MENYALA" : "🔴 MATI";
  html += "</b></p>";
  html += "<a href='/led/on'><button class='on'>ON</button></a>";
  html += "<a href='/led/off'><button class='off'>OFF</button></a>";
  html += "<p><small>IP: " + WiFi.localIP().toString() + "</small></p>";
  html += "</body></html>";

  server.send(200, "text/html", html);
}

// ============================================
// Handler: Nyalakan LED (GET /led/on)
// ============================================
void handleLedOn() {
  digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);  // Aktif LOW
  ledState = true;
  server.sendHeader("Location", "/");
  server.send(302);
}

// ============================================
// Handler: Matikan LED (GET /led/off)
// ============================================
void handleLedOff() {
  digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);
  ledState = false;
  server.sendHeader("Location", "/");
  server.send(302);
}

// ============================================
// Handler: API JSON status (GET /api/status)
// ============================================
void handleApiStatus() {
  String json = "{\"led\":";
  json += ledState ? "true" : "false";
  json += ",\"ip\":\"" + WiFi.localIP().toString() + "\"";
  json += ",\"rssi\":" + String(WiFi.RSSI());
  json += ",\"uptime\":" + String(millis() / 1000);
  json += "}";
  server.send(200, "application/json", json);
}

// ============================================
// Handler: 404 Not Found
// ============================================
void handleNotFound() {
  server.send(404, "text/plain", "404: Halaman tidak ditemukan");
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);

  // Koneksi WiFi
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  Serial.print("Menghubungkan ke WiFi");
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
  }
  Serial.println();
  Serial.print("Web server aktif di: http://");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

  // Daftarkan route handler
  server.on("/",           handleRoot);
  server.on("/led/on",     handleLedOn);
  server.on("/led/off",    handleLedOff);
  server.on("/api/status", handleApiStatus);
  server.onNotFound(handleNotFound);

  // Mulai server
  server.begin();
  Serial.println("HTTP server dimulai!");
}

void loop() {
  server.handleClient();  // Proses request HTTP
}

// ============================================
// Proyek: Monitoring Suhu dengan Web Dashboard
// ESP8266 NodeMCU + DHT11 + Web Server
// ============================================

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>
#include <DHT.h>

// ---- Konfigurasi WiFi ----
const char* ssid     = "NamaWiFi";
const char* password = "PasswordWiFi123";

// ---- Konfigurasi Sensor ----
#define DHTPIN  D2       // GPIO4
#define DHTTYPE DHT11    // Ganti ke DHT22 jika pakai DHT22
#define LED_PIN D4       // LED indikator

// ---- Inisialisasi ----
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
ESP8266WebServer server(80);

// ---- Variabel Penyimpan Data ----
float currentTemp     = 0.0;
float currentHumidity = 0.0;
unsigned long lastReadTime = 0;
const int READ_INTERVAL = 2000;  // Baca sensor tiap 2 detik

// Riwayat data untuk grafik (simpan 60 data terakhir)
float tempHistory[60];
float humHistory[60];
int historyIndex = 0;
bool historyFull = false;

// ============================================
// Fungsi: Baca Sensor
// ============================================
void readSensor() {
  if (millis() - lastReadTime >= READ_INTERVAL) {
    float t = dht.readTemperature();
    float h = dht.readHumidity();

    if (!isnan(t) && !isnan(h)) {
      currentTemp = t;
      currentHumidity = h;

      // Simpan ke riwayat
      tempHistory[historyIndex] = t;
      humHistory[historyIndex] = h;
      historyIndex = (historyIndex + 1) % 60;
      if (historyIndex == 0) historyFull = true;

      // Log ke serial
      Serial.printf("Suhu: %.1f°C | Kelembaban: %.1f%%\n", t, h);
    } else {
      Serial.println("⚠️ Gagal membaca sensor DHT!");
    }

    lastReadTime = millis();
  }
}

// ============================================
// Fungsi: Generate Data JSON untuk Grafik
// ============================================
String getHistoryJson(String data[], int count, bool full) {
  String json = "[";
  int start = full ? count : 0;
  int total = full ? count : count;
  for (int i = 0; i < total; i++) {
    int idx = full ? ((count + i) % 60) : i;
    if (i > 0) json += ",";
    json += String(data[idx].toFloat(), 1);
  }
  json += "]";
  return json;
}

// ============================================
// Handler: Dashboard Utama
// ============================================
void handleDashboard() {
  String tempStr = String(currentTemp, 1);
  String humStr  = String(currentHumidity, 1);

  // Tentukan status berdasarkan suhu
  String statusColor, statusText;
  if (currentTemp < 25) {
    statusColor = "#22d3ee"; statusText = "🌀 Dingin";
  } else if (currentTemp < 30) {
    statusColor = "#3ecf8e"; statusText = "✅ Normal";
  } else if (currentTemp < 35) {
    statusColor = "#fb923c"; statusText = "🟡 Hangat";
  } else {
    statusColor = "#ff6b6b"; statusText = "🔴 Panas!";
  }

  String html = R"rawliteral(
    <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="id"><head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
    <title>ESP8266 Monitoring Dashboard</title>
    <style>
      *{margin:0;padding:0;box-sizing:border-box;}
      body{font-family:'Segoe UI',sans-serif;background:#0f1117;color:#e0e0e0;}
      .header{text-align:center;padding:30px 20px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#0f1117,#1a1d2e);}
      .header h1{font-size:28px;color:#fff;margin-bottom:8px;}
      .header p{color:#888;font-size:14px;}
      .cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(200px,1fr));gap:20px;padding:20px;max-width:800px;margin:0 auto;}
      .card{background:#1a1d2e;border-radius:12px;padding:24px;text-align:center;border:1px solid #2a2d3e;}
      .card .value{font-size:48px;font-weight:700;margin:10px 0;}
      .card .label{color:#888;font-size:14px;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:1px;}
      .status{padding:20px;text-align:center;}
      .status span{font-size:18px;padding:8px 24px;border-radius:20px;font-weight:600;}
      .chart-section{max-width:800px;margin:20px auto;padding:20px;}
      canvas{width:100%;height:200px;background:#1a1d2e;border-radius:12px;padding:10px;}
      .footer{text-align:center;padding:20px;color:#555;font-size:12px;}
    </style></head><body>
    <div class="header">
      <h1>🌡️ ESP8266 Monitoring Dashboard</h1>
      <p>Real-time suhu & kelembaban • Auto-refresh tiap 5 detik</p>
    </div>
    <div class="cards">
      <div class="card">
        <div class="label">Suhu</div>
        <div class="value" id="temp" style="color:)rawliteral"
    + statusColor + R"rawliteral()">)rawliteral"
    + tempStr + R"rawliteral(°C</div>
      </div>
      <div class="card">
        <div class="label">Kelembaban</div>
        <div class="value" id="hum" style="color:#7c5cff;">)rawliteral"
    + humStr + R"rawliteral(%</div>
      </div>
    </div>
    <div class="status">
      <span style="background:)rawliteral"
    + statusColor + R"rawliteral(;color:#000;">)rawliteral"
    + statusText + R"rawliteral(</span>
    </div>
    <div class="footer">
      ESP8266 IoT Dashboard • Auto refresh 5 detik • IP: )rawliteral"
    + WiFi.localIP().toString() + R"rawliteral(
    </div>
    <script>
      setInterval(function(){
        fetch('/api/data')
          .then(r=>r.json())
          .then(d=>{
            document.getElementById('temp').textContent = d.temp + '°C';
            document.getElementById('hum').textContent = d.hum + '%';
            location.reload();
          });
      }, 5000);
    </script>
    </body></html>)rawliteral";

  server.send(200, "text/html", html);
}

// ============================================
// Handler: API Data JSON
// ============================================
void handleApiData() {
  String json = "{";
  json += "\"temp\":" + String(currentTemp, 1) + ",";
  json += "\"hum\":" + String(currentHumidity, 1) + ",";
  json += "\"rssi\":" + String(WiFi.RSSI()) + ",";
  json += "\"uptime\":" + String(millis() / 1000) + ",";
  json += "\"ip\":\"" + WiFi.localIP().toString() + "\"";
  json += "}";
  server.send(200, "application/json", json);
}

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("\n=== ESP8266 Monitoring Suhu ===");

  // Inisialisasi sensor DHT
  dht.begin();
  pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);

  // Inisialisasi riwayat
  for (int i = 0; i < 60; i++) {
    tempHistory[i] = 0;
    humHistory[i] = 0;
  }

  // Koneksi WiFi
  WiFi.mode(WIFI_STA);
  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
  Serial.print("Menghubungkan ke WiFi");
  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
    delay(500);
    Serial.print(".");
  }
  Serial.println();
  Serial.print("Dashboard: http://");
  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

  // Daftarkan route
  server.on("/",          handleDashboard);
  server.on("/api/data",  handleApiData);
  server.begin();
  Serial.println("✅ Web server dimulai!");
}

void loop() {
  server.handleClient();
  readSensor();

  // Blink LED setiap pembacaan sensor berhasil
  digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);
  delay(50);
  digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);
}